إدارة الجموع من خلال تمرير الرسائل عن طريق وسائل الاتصال اللاسلكية قصيرة المدى

Abstract

Disasters like stampedes in religious and sport events have made management of large crowd more critical than ever before. Managing large crowds is a very complex, challenging and costly exercise. Most people carry a wireless device in their pocket. There are already thousands of millions of these devices around the world. Any modern device has several wireless interfaces, such as GSM, 3G, WiFi, Zigbee, Bluetooth, and increasingly powerful computing capabilities. However they are not widely exploited yet because centralized infrastructures are not always available. This makes it challenging to use these new highly dynamic environments as an infrastructure to allow users to send alarm or notification messages to other nearby users and offer them services without any centralized entity. The collected messages can be then processed and analyzed it in real-time, to respond to events and to the appropriate actions. Looping data between devices via short-link connections to disseminate information can create new adventurous communication scenarios. To understand the importance of this type of systems, we will apply our proposed framework to one particular scenario which is the Hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. About three million pilgrims participate in this annual pilgrimage. For this reason, there are many incidents during the Hajj, as pilgrims are trampled in a crush. In this type of scenario crowd-control techniques as the one proposed here are absolutely critical. The objective of the project proposed is two fold: First we plan to study the mobility model of large crowd and design an ad hoc forwarding algorithms in order to minimize network overload, delivery ratio, average delay, data loss and energy consumption. These protocols will be evaluated based on synthetic traces. The second is to setup a series of field experiments using off-the-shelf miniature motes such as TinyNodes to send and receive short messages to neighbor nodes over short-link connections using minimum processing and battery power.